The Budget Dilemma - Tax rises or spending cuts? Institute for Fiscal Studies

18th October 2025

Rachel Reeves is once again facing tough choices on tax and spending.

After promising no further tax rises last autumn, the Chancellor could now see a sizeable downgrade to the borrowing outlook - enough to wipe out the limited ‘headroom' she built into her fiscal plans last spring.

To stick to her ‘iron-clad' rules, Reeves may now need a sizeable fiscal consolidation through tax rises, spending cuts, or both.

Helen talks to IFS economists Carl Emmerson and Ben Zaranko about why we’re back here again, what’s really driving the UK’s fiscal challenges, and what options the Chancellor has to get the public finances back on track.

They discuss whether Reeves can stick to her fiscal rules, what role productivity and growth forecasts play, and how the government could avoid fiscal 'ground hog' day again.

Source
https://ifs.org.uk/articles/budget-dilemma-tax-rises-or-spending-cuts