22nd December 2025
As the cold weather sets in and coughs and colds become more common, the MHRA is reminding people that small, everyday choices can make a big difference to winter wellbeing.
From choosing the right cough and cold remedies to using vitamin supplements safely, making informed decisions can help you feel better while avoiding unnecessary risks.
Dr Chris Cooper in the MHRA's Safety and Surveillance team said:
"This time of year, we often reach for familiar products to feel better fast. Staying safe means making smart choices. These simple tips can make the difference between feeling better and feeling worse."
Safer choices for a healthier festive season
Avoid doubling up - always check the label
Cough and cold season often means using several products at once - but taking more than one medicine containing the same active ingredient (for example, paracetamol) can be dangerous. Always read the label and the Patient Information Leaflet carefully and follow the dosage instructions.
Avoid extra doses - seek pharmacist advice instead
If your cough, cold or sore throat isn't improving, don't keep taking medicines for longer than recommended or add extra doses. Instead, speak to a pharmacist or GP. They can help you choose the most effective and safest next steps.
Avoid overuse of supplements - choose the right amount of vitamin D
Shorter days and less sunlight lead many people to take vitamin D supplements during winter to support bone and muscle health. However, taking too much can be harmful. Adults should not take more than 100 micrograms (4,000 IU) per day unless prescribed a higher dose. Check product labels carefully and ask a pharmacist if you're unsure which strength is right for you.
Don't ignore problems - report them
If you experience side effects or you notice a problem with a medicine or supplement, don't ignore it. Report it via the MHRA Yellow Card scheme to help keep medicines safer for everyone.
Extra self-care tips for coughs and colds
Alongside medicines, simple self-care measures can provide relief from winter illnesses:
Rest and stay warm
Keep hydrated
Try honey and lemon for a sore throat (but not for children under one year old)
For more advice, see NHS guidance on treating the common cold See https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/common-cold/
By combining these practical self-care steps with the safe use of cough and cold medicines and vitamin D supplements, people can enjoy a healthier winter with fewer risks.
Home Remedies
Using Himalayan salt gargles or apple cider vinegar drinks may help soothe a sore throat or mild cough, but they are supportive remedies, not cures. If your symptoms last more than a week, worsen, or include high fever or difficulty breathing, it's best to consult a healthcare professional.
Scientifically backed remedies
Saltwater gargles: Gargling with warm salt water helps reduce inflammation, clear mucus, and soothe throat irritation.
Honey: Coats the throat, calms mild coughs, and has proven antibacterial properties. Especially effective when mixed with warm tea or lemon.
Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids (water, herbal teas, broths) keeps the throat moist and prevents dehydration, which worsens symptoms.
Steam inhalation: Breathing in steam from a hot shower or bowl of hot water loosens mucus and relieves congestion.
Rest: Allowing your body time to recover is essential, as most sore throats are viral and resolve within a week.
Lozenges or ice pops: These can numb throat pain and provide temporary relief.
Warm teas: Herbal teas like chamomile or ginger reduce inflammation and soothe irritation
Risks & Considerations
Overuse of acidic remedies (like apple cider vinegar) can irritate the throat or damage teeth.
Children under 1 year should not be given honey due to the risk of botulism.
Persistent or severe symptoms (high fever, difficulty swallowing, or lasting more than a week) may indicate bacterial infection like strep throat, which requires medical treatment.
The most scientifically backed remedies are simple: saltwater gargles, honey, hydration, steam, and rest. They don't cure the virus but help your body feel better while it heals naturally.